1969
Tall strut-mounted wings
Lotus, Brabham, Ferrari
Regulation amendmentLikely
- Legal when raced
- Yes
- Closed
- 1969
- Survived
- same season
- Article
- 3.2.2 (ancestor)
What was exploited
Wings mounted on slender struts directly to the suspension uprights, bypassing the sprung mass so downforce loaded the tyres without compressing the springs. Freely adjustable, structurally marginal.
The gap in the rulebook
There was essentially no aerodynamic regulation at all. Nothing constrained wing mounting, height, or movement.
What it was worth
Large, efficiently loaded downforce with no suspension penalty.
How it was closed — Regulation amendment
After a series of high-profile strut failures, aerodynamic devices were required to be immobile and secured to the sprung part of the car.
Why it matters
The sentence written in response to these failures is the direct textual ancestor of Article 3.2.2. The fan car, the Lotus 88, the mass damper, FRIC, DAS and every flexi-wing dispute since have been argued against it.